Posts Tagged: JDM

judgment & decision making

Paper: The echo in flu-vaccination echo chambers

 

Helge Giese, Hansjörg Neth, Mehdi Moussaïd, Cornelia Betsch, Wolfgang Gaissmaier

The echo in flu-vaccination echo chambers: Selective attention trumps social influence

Immune to influence

Abstract

Background
Online discussions may impact the willingness to get vaccinated. This experiment tests how groups of individuals with consistent and inconsistent attitudes towards flu vaccination attend to and convey information online, and how they alter their corresponding risk perceptions.

Methods
Out of 1859 MTurkers, we pre-selected 208 people with negative and 221 people with positive attitudes towards flu vaccinations into homogeneous or heterogeneous 3-link experimental diffusion chains. We assessed (i) which information about flu vaccinations participants conveyed to the subsequent link, (ii) how flu-vaccination related perceptions were altered by incoming messages, and (iii) how participants perceived incoming information.

Results
Participants (i) selectively conveyed attitude-consistent information, but exhibited no overall anti-vaccination bias, (ii) were reluctant to alter their flu-vaccination related perceptions in response to messages, and (iii) evaluated incoming information consistent with their prior attitudes as more convincing.

Discussion
Flu-vaccination related perceptions are resilient against contradictions and bias online communication. Contrary to expectations, there was no sign of amplification of anti-vaccine attitudes by online communication.

Keywords: Amplification of risk; Diffusion chain; Opinion dynamics; Vaccine hesitancy; Social media; Polarization

Press release

Reference:  Giese, H., Neth, H., Moussaïd, M., Betsch, C., & Gaissmaier, W. (2020).  The echo in flu-vaccination echo chambers: Selective attention trumps social influence.  Vaccine, 38 (8), 2070–2076.   doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.038

Related:  Social influence and collective opinion formation

Resources:  Download_PDFGoogle Scholar

Artikel: Die Intelligenz einfacher Entscheidungsregeln

Mors certa, vita incerta.
(Philip K. Dick, 1968)

 

Wolfgang Gaissmaier, Hansjörg Neth

Die Intelligenz einfacher Entscheidungsregeln in einer ungewissen Welt

Fazit:  Unsere Welt mag sicher oder unsicher sein, aber wird immer eine ungewisse bleiben. Wir sollten uns von der Illusion ihrer umfassenden Berechen- und Kontrollierbarkeit verabschieden, ohne deswegen in Angststarre zu verfallen.  Denn gute Entscheidungen sind dennoch möglich und beruhen auf einer angemessenen Einschätzung unserer Ausgangslage:  Je berechenbarer eine Situation ist („Risiko“), desto mehr brauchen wir statistisches Denken und komplexe Modelle; je unberechenbarer eine Situation ist („Ungewissheit“), desto mehr brauchen wir einfache Heuristiken, einschlägige Erfahrung und Vertrauen auf Intuition (vgl. Abbildung 1).  Dabei handelt es sich bei Risiko und Ungewissheit um Pole eines Kontinuums, so dass es sich bei den meisten Situationen um einen Zwischenzustand handeln dürfte. Die Kunst des guten Entscheidens besteht darin, zu wissen, wo auf diesem Kontinuum wir uns befinden, um das jeweils passende Entscheidungswerkzeug geschickt auszuwählen und gezielt zum Einsatz zu bringen.  Und sie erfordert den Mut, Entscheidungen nicht zu verschieben oder zu vermeiden, sondern sie beherzt zu treffen und die Verantwortung für ihre Konsequenzen zu tragen.

Article: Heuristics — Tools for an uncertain world

I suppose it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer,
to treat everything as if it were a nail.
Abraham H. Maslow (1966, p. 15f.)

 

 


Hansjörg Neth, Gerd Gigerenzer

Heuristics: Tools for an uncertain world

We distinguish between situations of risk, where all options, consequences, and probabilities are known, and situations of uncertainty, where they are not.  Probability theory and statistics are the best tools for deciding under risk but not under uncertainty, which characterizes most relevant problems that humans have to solve.  Uncertainty requires simple heuristics that are robust rather than optimal.

Paper: Foraging for alternative options

Should I stay or should I go now?
If I go there will be trouble,
and if I stay it will be double…
The Clash


Hansjörg Neth, Neele Engelmann, Ralf Mayrhofer

Foraging for alternatives: Ecological rationality in keeping options viable

Abstract:  Do we invest irrational amounts of effort into keeping options viable, or do we manage available and threatened options in an adaptive fashion?